Eighteen is too Dangerous - 886 Words

Has anyone been harmed from underage drinking that you may know of, whether it’s from over dosing or a severe car accident? The topic of lowering the drinking age to eighteen in the United States is very debatable subject because many people have a difficult time deciding which side to support. Many of the negative issues for the low drinking age would have of an effect on the future, which is why the reform should not be put into action. Reasons include health issues, irresponsibility, and deaths among the youth. Even though there are many pros and cons to lowering the U.S. drinking age to eighteen, it should not be reduced because the effects could be more damaging than what was intended. Because teens are so rebellious, lowering the†¦show more content†¦That I why minors need to learn there will be consequences if they disobey the law because of their restlessness and adults must be more cautious when allowing teens to drink illegally. Children can still be growing all the way up to even eighteen years old. Because minor’s bodies are still growing and developing, consuming alcohol can interfere with the development of a child’s brain. Consuming alcohol can interfere with the development of a young person’s brain. The teen brain is not as developed as twenty-one year olds, which can lead to risks and damages before they are even allowed to drink. As a result, this early set of drinking may lead to addiction, memory loss, violence, and suicide risk is even greater and it would also be medically irresponsible to lower drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen. Select Federal Agencies discovered, â€Å"The brains and bodies of teens are still developing, and alcohol use can cause learning problems.† Children ate the future and we want them to grow up healthy and not have any health issues later on in life. People want them to succeed in life, but if the drinking age is lowered it will result in future health issues and they will not be able to live life to the fullest. There is a reason why poison such as drugs and alcohol have laws. Alcohol makes teens choose wrong decisions and change judgment that could lead to death, diseases, or injuries. Many people have hard about or know someone who has been seriously harmed by theShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States965 Words   |  4 PagesStates, when a man or women turn eighteen they are considered an adult. Being eighteen, they are not acknowledged as teenagers anymore. They have more freedom and more opportunities to become independent. Some of the opportunities an eighteen years old are given are the right to vote, open bank accounts, lease their own apartment or join the military. They have equal opportunities like adults over the age of twenty-one. However, anyone between the age of eighteen through twenty are not allowed toRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty-one to legall y drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-one. Although each side has its own arguments, the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen years of age throughout all fifty United States. When you turn the age of 18 in the United States, you are considered an adult. Becoming an adult comes with its rights andRead MoreLowering The Alcohol Drinking Age1602 Words   |  7 Pagesout of trouble. If teens can stay safe while drinking then they should allow eighteen year olds to drink. Eighteen year olds are young adults and are responsible for what they do so they know that they need to be careful while drinking. Even though people do not agree because alcohol is dangerous and some teens can’t control themselves, I personally think they can so they should lower the alcohol drinking age to eighteen. It will help teens stay out of trouble, stay safe, and learn how to be carefulRead MoreUnderage Drinking At The United States916 Words   |  4 PagesAs an eighteen year old in America, you are able to sign housing contracts, join the military, marry a loved one, or even own a firearm but you cannot have a legal drink. We are allowing young American citizens to sign th eir life away to fight for our country yet if they are seen with a beer they will experience legal complications. Also, at the age of eighteen you are able to smoke and purchase cigarettes, why make drinking different? Underage drinking in America is inevitable. Bill H.R 734, EliminatingRead MoreDrinking Age1395 Words   |  6 Pagesage to consume or purchase alcohol has been twenty-one. Before the age was changed to twenty-one it was previously eighteen. This law was not changed to upset those who were between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one at the time or to restrict their freedom. The law was put in place for the safety of the people of the United States from the dangers of alcohol at an age believed to be too young to handle the consequences. Some individuals and groups feel that the drinking age should be lowered becauseRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1237 Words   |  5 Pageslowered to eighteen like most of the world or if it should stay at twenty-one. Un derage drinking has been a major controversial issue for years, yet why is it not under control? Teenagers are continuing to buy alcohol with fake identification cards, drink, get into bars, and drink illegally. As a teen I have proof that these things are going on not only in college but in high school as well. There are a lot of factors that come together to why the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen; the mostRead MoreDrinking Age Should Be Lowered937 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty one to eighteen There is no taboo subject in America quote like underage drinking. The principal problem is not the age of drinking, but the hidden binge side of it. When it comes to the law, there is always an opinion. A reform should be made about the age of drinking for numerous reasons in my personal viewpoint. In the U.S, at the age of eighteen, one can legally vote, buy cigarettes, and join the army, to cite a few things. Going against the law, critics recommend allowing eighteen-year-oldsRead MoreDont lower the drinking Age1229 Words   |  5 PagesDespite the problems that would arise, many people are beginning to feel that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. Studies have been made; however, no hard evidence suggesting lowering the minimum drinking age would help have surfaced. Although there are countless studies of how alcohol has many harmful effects on teenagers, there is a great deal of negative criticism about what if the drinking age is lowered. Some would say the morally right decision is to not allow teensRead MoreThe Debate Over A Proper Legal Drinking Age1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate over a proper legal drinking age has been ongoing for decades. Some people believe twenty-one is the right age for legally consuming alcohol, while others believe twenty-one is too old. There are many supporters of an age limit of eighteen on alcohol consumption, but it has not been enough to sway Congress away from their set age of twenty-one. One major advocate for the age of twenty-one is the organization MADD, or â€Å"Mothers Against Drunk Driving†. This organization supports the age ofRead MoreDrivers Beware Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates whether the driving age for teens should be sixteen or eighteen captured the nation. Sixteen year-olds have a legitimate argument for keeping the age where it stands, but statistics show that sixteen year olds are not responsible enough to drive, and that more practice is needed before a nyone should get a driver’s license. However, from the looks of it, it seems that legislation is going to make the legal driving age eighteen. Sixteen year olds do have a valid argument as to why the age

Spectator Violence at Sporting Events Free Essays

â€Å"These people want to hurt you. It†s frightening. You feel like you†re in a cage out there†. We will write a custom essay sample on Spectator Violence at Sporting Events or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator violence at sporting events has been recorded throughout history. People who have power over the events, often team owners, indirectly influence the amount of spectator violence by encouraging the factors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging crowd intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting social groups, are factors affecting the degree of spectator violence and can be proven to be influenced by the owner†s actions. Therefore the blame for spectator violence can be attributed to whoever has power over the sport. Many historians suggest that an increase in spectator violence coincides with the commercialization of sports. Anthropologists agree that in societies where games were not for profit, they were enjoyed as celebrations of physical skill without competitiveness or violence between players or spectators (Berger, 1990). However, when people gained power or financially from the sporting events, spectator violence increased (Berger, 1990). Public spectacles and games were part of the Roman Empire. Each emperor had an amphitheater and the size of the crowd reflected the emperor†s wealth or power. The emperor through crowd excitement could influence spectator violence to such an extent that gladiators could be killed or freed depending on the crowd†s effect on the emperor (Robinson, 1998). The emperor encouraged the Roman working class, â€Å"to forget their own suffering, by seeing others suffer,† while the senators, and emperor would benefit financially from gambling profits (Robinson, 1998). With the commercialization of sports, owners† profits increased with alcohol sales. Beer drinking has been an integral part of sports since the late 1870†³s. Chris van der Alie noticed that his saloon did well when St. Louis Brown Stockings were in town. As a result, he decided to sell beer at the games. On February 12, 1880, Alie signed a contract with the Browns allowing him to sell alcohol on their property (Johnson, 1988). During a game on July 6, 1881, the first alcohol related brawl broke out in the crowd, injuring twenty spectators and killing two (Johnson, 1998). The signed contract with the Browns† was a financial bonus for the owner, however permitting alcohol to be sold, might have indirectly contributed to the injuries and deaths. Alcohol sales contribute financial support to teams. â€Å"Without beer companies as sponsors, the teams would have trouble making ends meet. † Bob Whitsitt, president of Seattle Supersonics, (Berger, 1990). The more alcohol consumed, the more revenue for the owners. During the 1987-1988 season the Cincinnati Reds sold 12,610 half-barrels and 35,365 cases of beer. The amount of beer consumed averages out to a pint for every man, woman, and child who attended the 81 games the team played at home (Johnson, 1988). The team†s owner benefited with a financial profit of over 1 million dollars. Sponsorship or ownership of teams by alcohol manufacturers, increases the alcohol sales. The first major partnership of beer and baseball dates from the 1953 purchase of the Cardinals by August A. Busch, Jr. , president of the Anheuser-Busch brewery (Johnson, 1988). In twenty-five years its† sales soared from fewer than 6 million barrels a year to more than 35 million (Johnson, 1988). In addition to direct profit, alcohol also indirectly increases profit through increased attendance. In 1974, when the Cleveland Indians† fan attendance was down, the owner implemented â€Å"Beer Night† where they sold beers for 10 cents at the first game of a three game series against the Texas Rangers (Berger, 1990). Attendance was up by 3500. The night turned out to be the first and last â€Å"Beer Night†. When a brawl occurred during the 5th inning, hundreds of Indian fans charged the field and beat up the Texas Ranger players. Seventy-six people were arrested. All were intoxicated (Berger, 1990). There†s no question that the beer played a great part in the affair† (GM Eddie Robinson). Eddie Robinson did not apologize for the incident, and it took Lee MacPhail, president of American League to intervene and ban the beer nights (Johnson, 1988). The rowdy behavior contributed by alcohol consumption often accompanies the throwing of beverage containers. Cups, bottles, and cans act as stimuli and provide a throwing opportunity. In 1988, Pete Rose of Cincinnati Reds was pelted with full cups of beer and whiskey bottles, when he stormed out of the dugout to dispute a call. It was insane, many of the fans were throwing unopened beer cans† Pete Rose, (Johnson, 1988). To restrain spectator violence, many agree with not selling alcohol at sporting events. â€Å"The selling of alcohol at sporting events should be banned† (Johnson, 1988). Other solutions have been implemented, such as limiting drinking to designated areas, selling low alcohol beer, and making it more difficult to buy. The solution of prohibiting alcohol at games was never implemented (Johnson, 1988) Alcohol sales increase revenue; profits keep the owners satisfied. The owners to increase entertainment and increase attendance often promote other stimulants such as music, hearing obscenities, and aggressive play in the event or in the stands. Since sports are a source of entertainment, loud music and aggressive play in the event pump up the crowds, increasing the fans† enthusiasm. Hearing obscenities can be contagious and escalate into more swearing, name calling and fighting. An obscene cheer starts with two fans, increases to eight and soon a whole section is vibrating to the pulse. If fans take exception to the obscenities individual fights break out building into group fights, as friends come to assist. Owners are often able to control the crowd†s involvement in the game with the type of music they play and how loud they control the volume (Robinson, 1998). An excited, participatory crowd heightens the atmosphere and increases future ticket sales, benefiting the owner. However, the same atmosphere can increase hostility leading to fan violence. Basketball games attract anywhere from twenty to thirty thousand fans, whereas a gymnastic competition may attract a few hundred (Robinson, 1998). This is party due to the loud, exciting atmosphere at a basketball game. Goldstein did a study comparing crowd hostility before and after a basketball game to before and after a gymnastic competition. He proved that the hostility increased considerably for the basketball fans, and also discovered that hostility occurred no matter if the fan was rooting for the winning or the losing team (Robinson, 1998). Large sport events like basketball often use music to increase the crowd†s hostility and competitive awareness of the game. Owners often don†t realize at what point hostility turns to fan violence. This may have been the situation for Dan Goodenow, organizer of the 1988 Martin Luther King Classic basketball tournament where 5 fans were arrested, a man’s face slashed, and a police officer injured during a riot (Atyeo, 1979). Coaches and game officials blamed the rap group Public Enemy, who played before the game shouting obscenities, carrying plastic guns, and working up the crowd to an extent of raucous excitement (Chapman, 1988). Owners or school leaders help create team rivalry by encouraging fans, through city or school patriotism, to support their team. With media support, owners use historical team rivalry, competitive stories, propaganda and team loyalty to promote high-ticket sales and increase profits. Excessive promotion of rivalry changes crowd cheers to jeers that can lead to violence. The most common rivalries are school rivalries. Starting as far back as 1899 the students of Colorado School of Mines and those of Colorado College would celebrate victory by using dynamite to blow up the rival†s goal posts (Taylor, 1992). During one game the presidents of the universities promoted the final game, as â€Å"The top college in Colorado will win† (Taylor, 1992). By game time, most students from both schools were there to cheer their teams on. When Colorado College was down their fans, frustrated by the score and the name-calling, stormed the field at half time where a riot broke out. When rivalry was claimed to be a factor it was no longer promoted, and violence diminished (Taylor, 1992). A similar example of rivalry leading to hostility occurred in the 1999 Red Feather game Banting vs. Westminster. To encourage attendance and raise money for charities both schools had pep rallies to pump up the students by using music, videos and chants. During half time the two schools emerged towards the center of the field taunting each other. The organizers of the rallies intent on boosting ticket sales inadvertently encouraged spectator violence. There is an increase in violence following sporting events promoting rivalry as compared to regular promotion, as seen in professional boxing following a highly talked about match. The promoters in boxing do everything they can to make sure the matches turn out violent to satisfy the crowd. David C. Phillips a sociologist studied the rate of homicides following highly publicized heavyweight championship fights. The survey was done the 3 weeks following each of 18 highly publicized bouts from 1973-1978 compared to those bouts with normal publicity (Davidson, 1983). Phillips found that there were 193 more murders, in the surrounding areas, after the promoted fights as compared to the norms (Davidson, 1983). After the highly promoted Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier fight on October 1, 1975, the murder rate shot up thirty-two percent (Davidson, 1983). Phillips theory is â€Å"people see how violence is prized in the boxing ring and come to believe that violence outside the ring will also be rewarded† (Davidson, 1983). The rewards however, are the financial rewards to the owners, through increased ticket sales and media advertising. Spectator violence may be parallel to violence in the society. For example in a violent society, play will be violent, whereas in a peaceful society play will be more peaceful. The make up of the social group contributes to the possibility of violence. Spectators can be divided into different social classes and the event advertised in areas where a particular social group is targeted for ticket sales. Often working class males are targeted, as their values and attitudes of aggressiveness, fearlessness and toughness are well suited to competitive sports (Bonney Giulianotti, 1994). They are likely to be the fans that are betting on the game or are there for the thrills (Berger, 1990). These fans are more likely to attend contact sporting events such as rugby and to be violent, compared to the upper class fans who analyze the game are more likely to attend a cricket match. In the sport soccer, hooligans who dominate the crowds are mainly males who generally act in rough, noisy behavior (Taylor, 1992). They have lawless fun, fighting spectators, throwing objects and vandalizing property. Most hooligans are from the working class. They have low ambitions, violent behavior and high stress levels (Bonney Giulianotti, 1994). They act out their frustrations, like the Roman working class, by attending sporting events where they loose their individualities. Fans in Glasgow, Scotland, trampled sixty-six persons to death when they tried to return to the stadium they had just left upon hearing that a last-minute goal had been scored. Berger, 1982). â€Å"Hooliganism gives the organization of a team motivation with their traditional cheers and it builds the atmosphere which builds a team† Lesie Davis, management of Peru†s soccer organization (Taylor, 1992). Major soccer teams target this low-income social class because it brings atmosphere to the game and alcohol sales and profits increase (Shumacher, 1975). In marketing ticket sales for most team sports, owners target males nineteen to forty-five. Sixty three percent of males and twenty percent of females in that age range are involved with sports whether they participate in them, or follow them (Oliver, 1971). Team owners often exclusively target males, resulting in an increase of ticket sales and merchandise. However, when males are bonded they often act violently emphasizing their masculinity, machismo, bravery and fighting skills (Tiger, 1970). Many teams in the American Baseball League in the 1970†³s were having problems concerning fan violence, and found the main instigators were males. They changed the games to Sunday, traditionally a family day and encouraged female fans by admitting them free. With women and family present the men were less likely to loose their individuality and act violently as a group. The results for the next 5 years were positive as fan violence decreased by 30 percent (Berger, 1990). By studying the occurrences, degrees, and causes of fan violence over history, owners are able to decrease the incidents of fan violence while maintaining profits and entertainment value of their organization. Slowly but effectively owners, teams, coaches and professional leagues are creating solutions to minimize fan violence. The American Baseball League, National Baseball League and the National Basketball Association participate in TEAM (Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management), which is a program for training everyone from vendors to ushers in handling people who have had too much to drink (Berger, 1982). Many of the NFL teams have moved their tailgate parties outside the stadium to eliminate the hostility caused by loud rock bands on the premises (Berger. 1990). Security cameras have been installed in many of the soccer stadiums and transportation centers to games, spotting the fans that cause the violence, and acting as deterrents for others. Controlled drinking areas, entrance controlled security checks, and increased visible security personnel are measures, which have helped to reduce fan violence in all sports. Most important, the owners need to be aware that some of their actions to benefit their organization have an indirect influence on the factors for fan violence. Sport is a basic feature of Australian culture. The achievements of Australian athletes have enhanced our image as a nation. Participation in sporting activities contributes to the health of millions of Australians; the teamwork and fair play which Australians learn on the playing field provide the basis for a good society. But Australian sport is not without shortcomings. Whilst sporting violence, on the part of both participants and spectators, is less frequent and less severe in Australia than in many overseas locations, it remains grounds for concern. Violence on the playing field sets a bad example for impressionable young Australians. Unruly crowd behaviour can spoil a pleasant family outing. How to cite Spectator Violence at Sporting Events, Essay examples

Kids These Days A Study of the Millennial Generation free essay sample

You are art of this group, and its unclear if this is a good thing or not. Its hard to tell everything about a generation until theyre all dead, but there are a few characteristics that Millennials are pretty obvious. Technologically Savvy Millennials have never had to use word processors†Just word processing software on computers. Millennials dont really remember a time without cell phones, and probably own one now. Millennials gasp when you tell them Facebook is only nine years old†that there was a time when they didnt document every second of their life ith selfies and status updates. Millennials grew up playing games on CD-ROMs, spent their middle school years on Club Penguin, are now hooked on Candy Crush on their iPhones. You live in the time that technology is commonplace and will only get bigger and better. In the early days of their lives, many of Millennials used floppy disks. We will write a custom essay sample on Kids These Days: A Study of the Millennial Generation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the time they hit middle school, it was all about USB flash drives. Now, they just upload it to a cloud of information on the internet and pray they have wifl when they need it. Unlike their parents, Millennials have been exposed to technology from very young age and have developed along with it. They can adapt to technology without question, while a good deal of older generations are still struggling along. Narcissistic and Optimistic Another characteristic of the Millennials is entitlement. Because of the way we were raised, we believe that we deserve the best, even when we dont do the best. We were raised on participation trophies and competitions where everybody wins! This stemmed from parents obsession with making sure their children had proper self-esteem; but self-esteem cant really be given as a prize. In soccer and baseball leagues, everyone got a trophy†the winner got the biggest trophy, but everyone got some sort of prize. A good effort prize. Every post-game meeting of any sports team, the coach starts out with we did our best, or we gave it our all before going on to gently criticize performances. And its Just now that its really starting to make a difference. A lot of younger Millennials are applying for their first Jobs and becoming appalled when they have to apply for five, ten different Jobs†why didnt the first one hire me, huh? The seniors are applying for college, and theyre going to be sorely disappointed when they dont get into their number one choice. And their parents have not prepared them for that. According to them and the way they raised their children, every single one ot the Millennials will nave a Job†its Just a matter ot now g job it will be. Even more, everyone believes that they can make a difference†that they will be the exception to the rule, the one in a million that has a crazy success story and makes it to the top on dreams and pluck alone. A survey by Telefonica hows that 83% of American Millennials believe they can make a local difference, and 52% believe they can make a global difference. Open-minded Recent studies have shown that Millennials are automatically more accepting than any previous generation. Baby Boomers are still a little bit racist, which partially may have passed onto their children. But it would be much harder to find a Millennials who would purposefully discriminate against someone because of their skin color. President Obama was elected for the first time in 2008†some Millennials were old nough to vote in this election. While they might not always agree with someones lifestyle, the rising trend of Millennials is to not interfere with anyone elses personal life, as long as theyre not hurting anybody else. An approximated 81% of Millennials believe that same sex marriage should be legally recognized, according to the Advocates for Youth study; 65% of Millennials support the legalization of marijuana according to the Pew Research Poll. What Will Millennials Become? Generation X, usually defined as anyone born from the late 60s to the early 80s, was haracterized as a group of lazy, passive slackers in their youth, but they are currently defined as well-educated, cynical, and confrontational. So it is projected that each Millennial will develop into someone more than Just a narcissistic, accepting techie. But theres even a trend that teenagers attempt to define themselves at a younger age. Most people are fairly certain of who they are by the time they graduate (or at least make a good show of saying they are). Whatever happens, remember that you dont have to be defined only by your generation.